Conveners
11 Current Trends in Development of Radiation Detectors
- Rastislav HODรK (IEAP CTU in Prague)
- Gian-Franco DALLA BETTA (University of Trento and TIFPA INFN)
11 Current Trends in Development of Radiation Detectors: Parallel Intensive Oral Sessions
- Olivier LIMOUSIN (CEA/DRF/Irfu/Dรฉpartement d'Astrophysique)
- Vladimir RADULOVIฤ (Joลพef Stefan Institute)
11 Current Trends in Development of Radiation Detectors
- Stanislav POSPรล IL (IEAP CTU in Prague)
- Ludo VERMEEREN (SCK CEN, Belgium)
11 Current Trends in Development of Radiation Detectors: Parallel Intensive Oral Sessions
- Mehdi BEN MOSBAH (CEA, DES, IRESNE, Nuclear Measurement Laboratory)
- Vlasios PETOUSIS (IEAP CTU in Prague)
11 Current Trends in Development of Radiation Detectors
- Tahakiro MAKINO (National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology)
- Abdallah LYOUSSI (CEA)
11 Current Trends in Development of Radiation Detectors
- Anne-Sophie LALLEMAN (CEA, France)
- Ivan STEKL (IEAP CTU in Prague)
Description
Plenary Oral Session
Silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductor is an ideal material for solid-state nuclear radiation detectors to be used in high-temperature, high-radiation environments. Such harsh environments are typically encountered in nuclear reactor measurement locations as well as high-level radioactive waste and/or โhotโ dismantling-decommissioning operations. In the present fleet of commercial nuclear...
Neutron beam monitors are key instrumental components in neutron scattering science; they are used to measure the instantaneous neutron flux upstream the sample in order to normalize the experimental data. The measurement consists in converting a small fraction of the neutron beam into individual pulses or into a current signal. Among the different monitoring systems used, Uranium fission...
Thermal neutron detection is typically carried out by a double-step process involving neutron conversion reactions leading to secondary charged particles and subsequent detection of the reaction products by means of solid state detectors, scintillators or gas chambers. A proper efficiency thermal neutron conversion material should exhibit a high neutron-capture cross section and optimal...
Faruk Logoglu and Marek Flaska
Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering
The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
In this project, we are investigating different micro- and nano-structure approaches to neutron detection based on inorganic scintillators. Specifically, we have been assessing various micro- and nano-geometries to maximize the fast-neutron...
For the last three decades, the number of active irradiation facilities is continuously increasing, for various needs, from fundamental research to radiation testing or medical applications. To develop and guarantee the facilityโs technologies, requests for its control and reliability are becoming more and more precise and multiply the number of beam diagnostics from the source to the final...
We report on response of newly designed 4H-SiC Schottky barrier diode (SBD) detector to alpha, beta and gamma particles. In order to optimize SiC SBD detectorโs thermal neutron efficiency, itโs of particular importance to understand its behavior in various radiation fields. The optimal size of the SBD is limited by degradation of electronic properties, and consequently their charge particle...
Improvement in neutronics codes jointly with the advent of high performance computing systems made a deeper knowledge on nuclear data more sensitive. The latter is used both for solving the neutron transport equation together with nuclear instrumentation validation and operation. Hence, it becomes relevant to improve the knowledge of the fission cross section of fertile secondary actinides as...
This paper describes the use of a Hamamatsu H13700 16๏ด16 multi-anode photomultiplier tube (MAPMT) to quantify regional variations in the confidence of neutron/gamma discrimination across the volume of a continuous, organic scintillator. The MAPMT outputs are multiplexed to a single analogue input channel on a mixed-field analyser performing pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) by pulse-gradient...
Neutron measurement technologies are being studied due to the demand in nuclear fusion, accelerator facilities, nuclear non-proliferation treaty, etc. Since neutron fields are typically present with gamma-ray, the separation technique is necessary such as pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) for neutron detection. Organic scintillators, such as plastic scintillators, are capable PSD using...
The response of a position-sensitive planar High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector has been studied using pulse shape comparison and positron annihilation method. Such detectors will be useful in the DESPEC (DEcay SPECtroscopy) experiments at the FAIR facility to study the exotic nuclei. The characterization of the detector has been performed using a novel scanning system available at GSI...
The application of perovskite materials for radiation sensors is a rapidly emerging field, with strong cross-over from perovskite research on photovoltaic devices. Perovskite materials offer new technologies for digital X-ray and gamma ray sensors with potential application areas in medical imaging systems, industrial X-ray inspection, and airport security systems. Perovskite materials,...
A new X-ray detection system composed of an arrays of multichannel Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs) is presented. This custom-designed multilayer can be adapted to the required geometry and caracteristics. The presented layout is composed by a 8 monolithic array of SDD each with 8 cells with a total area of 570 mm$^2$, ultra-low noise front-end electronics, integrated dedicated acquisition...
This paper presents a comparative study of neutron-gamma discrimination performance with stilbene crystal, 6Li-doped plastic and BC501A liquid scintillators coupled to photomultiplier tubes. Neutron-gamma discrimination itself relies upon supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms. The method, which is based on blind non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) as an unsupervised...
Liquid organic scintillators are important devices for measurements of neutron radiation. This work aims to develop and optimize the composition of liquid organic scintillators so it can be used for fast neutron spectrometry. As the neutron radiation is usually accompanied with ฮณ ray radiation, this work is focused on ฮณ/n discrimination. In our experiments, the 252 Cf is used as a radiation...
Liquid organic scintillators are important devices for measurements of neutron radiation. This work aims to develop and optimize the composition of liquid organic scintillators so it can be used for fast neutron spectrometry. As the neutron radiation is usually accompanied with ฮณ ray radiation, it is important to have quality ฮณ/n discrimination. The new cocktail for house made liquid organic...
Currently first clinical CTs equipped with photon-counting technology are becoming available. Whereas such scanners will remain to be very rare in the time to come, laboratory based photon-counting ยตCT setups have become much more common in previous years. For this reason, method development in photon-counting CT is likely to be driven by translational research in the coming years. With...
Lead halide perovskites (LHPs) have many characteristics that are of interest when considering their use as scintillators: due to the high atomic number of lead, LHPs have high X-ray stopping power; their luminescence wavelength may be tuned throughout the visible region through adjustments to their composition (this wavelength could be chosen to fit the application of the detector, e.g. to...
We have characterized a Cerium doped Lanthanum Bromide (LaBr3(Ce) ) crystal coupled with the position-sensitive photo-multiplier system for the ฮณ-ray imaging application. One can use this detector set-up for the scanning of high purity germanium detectors for pulse shape analysis in ฮณ-ray spectroscopy experiments and the image formation of an object by Compton back-scattering [1, 2]. The...
The restoration and preservation processes of the old painted arts are often combined with more or less extensive inspection of work. Any manipulation with the investigated object needs to be non-invasive and non-destructive as the historical price of the artefacts can be incalculable. Information about the sample surface can be obtained by visual methods varying from digital photography to...
Portable gamma-ray imaging is an emerging field in nuclear instrumentation, with applications in radiation safety, waste management, decommissioning, environmental and security applications. It provides users with a single portable instrument to detect, identify and localize radioactive material. Most imagers are based on position sensitive spectrometric detectors, including scintillators...
The main drawback of all current theories of scintillation spectrometers is in introducing various terms into the formula for the energy resolution of scintillation spectrometers, without giving specific formulae for the relationship of these terms with characteristics of scintillation detectors. Such insertion of various contributions by โhandsโ is not only wrong but also counterproductive,...
Since the beginning of using liquid scintillators for gamma-neutron separation, there have been many articles dealing with long-term degradation especially due to oxygen presented during scintillator encapsulation. The effect of aging of liquid organic scintillators namely EJ 301, EJ309 (both Eljen Technology), and new house-made cocktails based on...
Neutron radiation detectors are essential in various fields, such as the nuclear power industry, nuclear medicine, scientific experimental systems and homeland security. However, the world is experiencing a shortage of 3He, which has been traditionally used as a key element for the detectors. LiF:ZnS(Ag) scintillator is an optional alternative for these detectors. This alternative main...
Plastic scintillators exhibiting pulse shape discrimination properties represent a promising, solid-state alternative to the use of organic liquids and crystals for the detection of neutron and gamma radiation. They are robust, inexpensive and can be fabricated in a variety of shapes and sizes. The time-dependent pulse shapes derived from plastic scintillation detectors can be characterised by...
The Nuclear Measurement Laboratory (LMN) at CEA Cadarache in France is developing a high-energy tomograph currently being upgraded to reach energies up to 20 MeV with high dose rates (100 Gy/min). It allows tomographies on massive objects (5 tons, 140 cm diameter) with a millimeter spatial resolution. For the control of absence of cracks, bubbles or defects in the concrete coating of some CEA...
The localization of radioactive sources is a fundamental information in the scope of radiative environment analysis, for nuclear safety or Decommissioning and Dismantling applications. However, performing this localization is challenging since conventional optics cannot be used for high-energy photons. One main method consists of using a coded mask aperture, placed in front of a position...
The increase of the particle flux (pile-up) at the HL-LHC with luminosities of L โ 7.5 ร
10$^{34}$ cm$^{โ2}$s$^{โ1}$ will have a severe impact on the ATLAS detector reconstruction and trigger
performance. The end-cap and forward region where the liquid Argon calorimeter has
coarser granularity and the inner tracker has poorer longitudinal vertex position resolution
will be particularly...
The new experiment S$^3$ devoted to the study of reactor antineutrinos was designed and constructed as a common activity of IEAP CTU in Prague and JINR (Dubna). The S$^3$ detector (40 x 40 x 40 cm$^3$) is a highly segmented polystyrene-based scintillating detector composed of 80 detector elements (40 x 20 x 1 cm$^3$) with a gadolinium neutron converter between elements layers. A positron and a...
The LEGEND Collaboration is searching for neutrinoless double beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay in Germanium-76 ($^{76}$Ge) via a phased approach. The first of two phases, LEGEND-200 (L200), is currently under construction at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) in Italy and will use 200 kg of enriched High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors submerged in a liquid argon active shield in...
Timepix detectors (Timepix, Timepix2 and Timepix3) are hybrid pixel detectors that use a square matrix of $256\times 256$ pixels with 55 $\mu\mathrm{m}$ pitch. Thanks to their versatile design, compact form factor, desirable energy and time resolution, they have found applications in a variety of fields, e.g. radiation field characterization, tracking, dosimetry and imaging. In this...
Pulse Shape Discrimination (PSD) is a useful technique used to detect and distinguish between different types of radiation interactions. PSD methods are frequently adopted for n/ฮณ or ฮฑ/ฮฒ discrimination. Over the years, many techniques for performing PSD were presented, both analog and digital implementations. A digital PSD enables implementation of complex algorithms, which analyze various...
In the past few years, there has been an increasing interest toward micromachined silicon radiation detectors, which use fabrication techniques normally adopted for Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS). In particular, Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) by the Bosch process allows to obtain vertical electrodes in a variety of shapes and dimensions with high aspect ratio (depth to surface...
Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) are becoming more attractive in radiation detection applications then the traditional photo multiplier tubes due to their low working voltage, compactness and immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI). However, due to their small size, an array of SiPM components is required in order to cover the whole plane area of a scintillator. On the other hand, since...
The gamma camera is still employed in most Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) clinical scanners. In particular for large cameras it provides a balance between cost, reliability and performance that is hard to obtain for instance with modern CZT cameras. A standard gamma camera for full-body SPECT features a large area 50$\times$40~cm$^2$) scintillator coupled to an array of...
The LEGEND Collaboration aims to develop a phased, $^{76}$Ge-based double-beta decay experimental program with discovery potential at a half-life beyond 10$^{28}$ years. The first 200-kg phase, LEGEND-200, targets a discovery potential of 10$^{27}$ years by a background index of < 2ยท10$^{โ4}$ cts/(keVยทkgยทyr).
Based on the success of GERDA a liquid argon (LAr) detector system will be...
In parametric amplification, a signal is amplified by mixing it with a pump wave in a nonlinear medium. During the last five years, Josephson Travelling Wave Parametric Amplifiers (JTWPAs) have proven to deliver near-quantum limited amplification for signals in the 5 to 10 GHz range with a large relative bandwidth of about 10%. This performance made them the workhorse for multi-qubit system...
